磁流变阻尼器抑制转子系统振动试验

针对大型旋转机械通过临界转速时振动过大及运行中故障频发等问题,搭建转子试验台,模拟启停机过程和碰摩、不对中故障。不改变原有支撑形式,安装自主设计的磁流变阻尼器,在不停机的情况下,试验研究阻尼器抑制转子通过临界转速时振动过大及各类故障振动。试验结果表明,阻尼器可以有效抑制转子系统临界转速附近的振动,降幅在60%以上;转子发生碰摩或不对中故障时,阻尼器可以降低其高倍频振动。     

深冷处理对W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢性能的影响

对经-120℃和-150℃深冷工艺处理的W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢进行了硬度及摩擦磨损性能测试,并用扫描电镜分析了其显微组织与磨损形貌。深冷处理使高速钢硬度和耐磨性能得到提高。随深冷温度的降低,性能改善明显,经循环深冷处理试样的性能均好于一次长时间深冷处理试样,-150℃温度下经3次1 h深冷处理试样的性能最优。结果表明,高速钢性能改善的主要原因是深冷处理可促进试样中残余奥氏体向马氏体转变,同时,高速钢组织中析出的大量碳化物在摩擦磨损过程中作为硬质颗粒可提高耐磨性能。循环深冷处理过程中过冷度一直存在,每次循环过程都可促进残余奥氏体转变为马氏体,促进基体马氏体上析出细小的碳化物,从而提高高速钢的性能。     

03Cr18NiMoN节镍双相不锈钢的热变形行为及热加工图

关键词：双相不锈钢； 流变曲线； 本构方程； 热加工图     

基于载波相位差分的形变监测高精度定位算法

传统载波相位差分算法在形变监测领域适用性不足，实时动态定位（RTK）精度难以满足要求，而载波双差静态相对定位连续解算时形变跟踪性能较低等。针对这些问题，在对动静态算法深入研究的基础上，提出一种基于载波相位差分的动静态自适应融合算法。通过方差变化法实时判断定位结果是否收敛，自适应调节扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）状态先验估计过程。在收敛时刻增大位置参数的先验估计误差的协方差值，使EKF后验估计过程倾向于信赖测量值；未收敛时刻通过EKF迭代，使EKF后验估计过程倾向于信赖状态预测值。实验结果表明：相比传统RTK新算法精度有明显提高，水平达±2 mm内，高程达到±4 mm内；相比静态定位则缩减了观测周期，提高了微小形变跟踪性能。     

基于振动实测的非均质地层钻头失效分析与对策

四川盆地作为国内页岩气开发的重点区域,通过近几年的不断攻关和实践,机械钻速得到了提高,但由于受地层复杂、可钻性差、非均质性强等地质因素的影响,导致井下钻柱系统不良振动剧烈,容易出现钻头损坏严重、钻速较低等问题,严重影响了钻井时效。为了解决上述难题,以该盆地涪陵工区上二叠统龙潭组—中二叠统茅口组为例,采用井下振动高频测量工具的实测手段,测量了钻头—钻柱系统的动态振动加速度参数,结合地层的岩性和矿物组分分析,研究钻头失效原因与对策,并开展了现场试验。研究结果表明:①在非均质地层中钻进的钻头—钻柱系统产生了大于40 m/s~2的高幅值瞬时冲击振动,高幅值的瞬时冲击是导致钻头先期失效的主要原因;②提出了抑制高幅值的瞬时冲击振动采用"减振+增压"工具组合和避免井下工具共振的钻井参数;③采用钻井新参数的试验井比邻井的高幅值瞬时振动降低了17%,单只钻头进尺增加24%,钻头工作环境得到了较大的改善,钻头使用数量减少。结论认为,该研究成果能够有效地改善钻头—钻柱系统的振动状态,有利于达成延长钻头使用寿命的目标。     

15CrMoG钢棒材表面缺陷机理分析和工艺改进

分析得出,棒材表面细小纵裂纹和表面裂口缺陷产生于铸坯加热之前,且与结晶器弯月面保护渣有关。利用Thermo-Calc热力学软件计算15CrMoG钢凝固相变过程,结合亚包晶钢连铸凝固特点综合分析15CrMoG钢棒材表面缺陷的产生原因和产生机理。结果表明:15CrMoG钢在固相线温度附近发生包晶反应L+δ→γ和包晶转变δ→γ,不仅导致初生坯壳生长不均匀,而且加剧P、S元素在凝固前沿的偏析。而初生坯壳不均匀是导致棒材表面缺陷根本原因。棒材表面细小纵裂纹产生于结晶器内坯壳薄弱处,经过二冷和轧制工序在夹杂物和硫偏聚处扩展长大。棒材表面裂口缺陷是初生坯壳不均匀导致结晶器内液面波动大,造成铸坯夹渣所致。通过控制[C]0.16%～0.17%、[S]≤0.005%、保护渣碱度1.2、熔点≥1200℃、粘度≥1.0Pa·s,260 mm×30mm铸坯水量150 m³/h,拉速0.5 m/min等措施,裂纹合格探伤合格率由原45%提高至98%。     

削减桩基负摩阻力的室内模拟试验

为探明桩基混凝土不同涂料对桩基负摩阻力的削减效果,通过大型剪切试验,以塑限18%的黏性土为试验土,着重研究了试验土含水率变化以及桩基混凝土侧面不同涂料对桩基负摩阻力的影响。结果表明,当黏性土含水率略大于塑限时,桩基负摩阻力的削减效果较好,此时在混凝土表面涂石蜡机油混合物、聚合物纳米材料或者油漆产生的削减效果基本一致;当黏性土含水率与塑限含水率相差较大时,采用石蜡机油混合物作为桩侧混凝土涂料对于桩基负摩阻力的削减效果最佳;可通过不同方式对中性点位置进行确定并采用不同适用条件下涂料对桩基负摩阻力进行削减。     

Assembly of a DNA Origami Chinese Knot by Only 15% of the Staple Strands

As a giant leap in DNA self-assembly, DNA origami has exhibited an unprecedented ability to construct nanostructures with arbitrary shapes and sizes. In typical DNA origami, hundreds of short DNA staple strands fold a long, single-stranded (ss) DNA scaffold cooperatively into designed nanostructures. However, large numbers of DNA strands are expensive and would hinder applications such as pharmaceutical investigations because of the complicated components. Therefore, one challenge is how to reduce the number of staple strands needed to construct DNA origami. For a DNA origami structure, the scale-free folding pattern of the scaffold strand is determined by staple strands at the branching vertexes. Simple duplex regions help to define the size-related features of the origami geometry. In this study, we hypothesized that a scaffold strand can be correctly folded into a designed topology by using only staple strands involved in branching vertexes. After assembly, any remaining, flexible, single-stranded regions of the scaffold could be converted into rigid duplexes by DNA polymerase to achieve the designed geometric structures. To demonstrate the concept, we used only 18 staple strands (covering 15 % of the scaffold strand) to assemble a porous DNA nanostructure, which was visualized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). This study helps understanding of the role of cooperativity in origami folding, and provides a cost-effective approach for small-scale prototyping DNA origami.     

Crossing the Border: From Keto- to Imine Reduction in Short-Chain Dehydrogenases/Reductases

The family of NAD(P)H-dependent short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) comprises numerous biocatalysts capable of C=O or C=C reduction. The highly homologous noroxomaritidine reductase (NR) from Narcissus sp. aff. pseudonarcissus and Zt_SDR from Zephyranthes treatiae, however, are SDRs with an extended imine substrate scope. Comparison with a similar SDR from Asparagus officinalis (Ao_SDR) exhibiting keto-reducing activity, yet negligible imine-reducing capability, and mining the Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase Engineering Database indicated that NR and Zt_SDR possess a unique active-site composition among SDRs. Adapting the active site of Ao_SDR accordingly improved its imine-reducing capability. By applying the same strategy, an unrelated SDR from Methylobacterium sp. 77 (M77_SDR) with distinct keto-reducing activity was engineered into a promiscuous enzyme with imine-reducing activity, thereby confirming that the ability to reduce imines can be rationally introduced into members of the “classical” SDR enzyme family. Thus, members of the SDR family could be a promising starting point for protein approaches to generate new imine-reducing enzymes.